| Purity[纯度] | 99.9% |
| Thickness[厚度] | 0.0025mm |
| Typical Analysis(典型分析) |
| Al | 1 PPM |
| Ca | 30 PPM |
| Cr | 5 PPM |
| Cu | 20 PPM |
| Fe | 30 PPM |
| Mg | 3 PPM |
| Mn | 2 PPM |
| Ni | 50 PPM |
| Si | 10 PPM |
| W | 5 PPM |
| Mechanical Properties(机械性能) |
| Bulk modulus ( GPa ) ( Hard ) | 261.2 |
| Bulk modulus ( GPa ) ( Soft ) | 261.2 |
| Hardness - Vickers ( kgf mm⁻² ) ( Hard ) | 250 |
| Hardness - Vickers ( kgf mm⁻² ) ( Soft ) | 200 |
| Material condition | Hard |
| Material condition | Soft |
| Poisson's ratio ( Hard ) | 0.293 |
| Poisson's ratio ( Soft ) | 0.293 |
| Tensile modulus ( GPa ) ( Hard ) | 324.80 |
| Tensile modulus ( GPa ) ( Soft ) | 324.80 |
| Tensile strength ( MPa ) ( Hard ) | 620.00 - 690.00 |
| Tensile strength ( MPa ) ( Soft ) | 485.00 - 550.00 |
| Yield strength ( MPa ) ( Hard ) | 550.0 |
| Yield strength ( MPa ) ( Soft ) | 415.0 - 450.0 |
| Thermal Properties(热性能) |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion ( x10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ ) | 5.100 @0-100℃ |
| Latent heat of evaporation ( J g⁻¹ ) | 6153 |
| Latent heat of fusion ( J g⁻¹ ) | 290.00 |
| Melting point ( C ) | 2617.00 |
| Specific heat ( J K⁻¹ kg⁻¹ ) | 251.0 @25℃ |
| Thermal conductivity ( W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ ) | 138.00 @0-100℃ |
| Atomic Properties(原子属性) |
| Atomic number | 42 |
| Atomic weight ( amu ) | 95.94000 |
| Crystal structure | Body Centred Cubic |
| Electronic structure | Kr4d⁵5s¹ |
| Ionisation potential ( No./eV ) | 2 / 16.15 |
| Ionisation potential ( No./eV ) | 5 / 61.2 |
| Ionisation potential ( No./eV ) | 6 / 68 |
| Ionisation potential ( No./eV ) | 1 / 7.10 |
| Ionisation potential ( No./eV ) | 3 / 27.2 |
| Ionisation potential ( No./eV ) | 4 / 46.4 |
| Natural isotope distribution ( Mass No./% ) | 95 / 15.9 |
| Natural isotope distribution ( Mass No./% ) | 96 / 16.7 |
| Natural isotope distribution ( Mass No./% ) | 98 / 24.1 |
| Natural isotope distribution ( Mass No./% ) | 97 / 9.6 |
| Natural isotope distribution ( Mass No./% ) | 92 / 14.8 |
| Natural isotope distribution ( Mass No./% ) | 94 / 9.3 |
| Natural isotope distribution ( Mass No./% ) | 100 / 9.6 |
| Photo-electric work function ( eV ) | 4.20 |
| Thermal neutron absorption cross-section ( Barns ) | 2.6500 |
| Valences shown | 2 , 3, 4, 5, 6 |
| Electrical Properties(电气特性) |
| Electrical resistivity ( μOhmcm ) | 5.7@20℃ |
| Superconductivity critical temperature ( K ) | 0.9150 |
| Temperature coefficient ( K⁻¹ ) | 0.00435 @0-100℃ |
| Thermal emf against Pt (cold 0C - hot 100C) ( mV ) | 1.45 |
| Physical Properties(物理性质) |
| Boiling point ( C ) | 4612 |
| Density ( g cm⁻³ ) | 10.220 @20℃ |
